ibid.

[ɪ'bɪd]
abbreviation
ibidem
1. An abbreviation for the Latin word 'ibidem,' meaning 'in the same place.' Used in academic citations to refer to the same source cited in the immediately preceding footnote or endnote, without repeating the full citation.
Smith argues that language evolves naturally (Smith, 2015, p. 45). Ibid., p. 52 shows further evidence of this phenomenon.
Smith argumenta que a linguagem evolui naturalmente (Smith, 2015, p. 45). Ibid., p. 52 apresenta mais evidências deste fenômeno.
This is a formal academic abbreviation used primarily in scholarly writing, theses, and research papers across English and Portuguese-speaking countries. It is less commonly used in modern academic writing, as many citation styles now prefer repeating the shortened source title instead.
Synonyms / Sinônimos
ibidemibdem

Regional Variations

General Brazilian
ibidem
Used in academic writing following ABNT or other citation standards
Portugal
ibidem
Used in academic citations following Portuguese academic conventions
USA
ibid.
Standard in Chicago Manual of Style and MLA citations

Related Words

footnoteendnotecitationreferenceop. cit.et al.
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