teimosia; obstinação; intencionalidade deliberada
1. the quality of being deliberate, intentional, and obstinate; determination to have one's own way
His wilfulness made it impossible to reason with him during the negotiation.
Sua teimosia tornou impossível negociar com ele durante a reunião.
2. deliberate and intentional behavior, especially when it disregards the rights or feelings of others
The child's wilfulness was evident in her refusal to follow any rules.
A obstinação da criança era evidente em sua recusa em seguir qualquer regra.
3. in legal contexts: intentional wrongdoing or conscious disregard of duty
The court found evidence of wilfulness in the defendant's actions.
O tribunal encontrou evidências de intencionalidade deliberada nas ações do réu.
In Brazilian Portuguese, 'teimosia' carries a stronger emotional and social connotation, often used colloquially to describe someone who is frustratingly stubborn. In legal and formal contexts, both in Brazil and Portugal, 'wilfulness' is crucial terminology, especially in criminal law where it distinguishes intentional actions from negligent ones. The concept reflects cultural values around individual autonomy and accountability.
NYC Slang
pigheadedness; being stubborn as a mule
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