name-calling
[/ˈneɪm ˌkɔːlɪŋ/]
noun
xingamento
1. the act of insulting or verbally abusing someone by calling them offensive names or using derogatory language
The debate descended into name-calling instead of addressing the real issues.
O debate desceu para o nível de xingamentos em vez de abordar os problemas reais.
2. using insulting labels or derogatory terms to describe a person, typically to demean or ridicule them
Name-calling is a form of bullying that can cause serious emotional harm.
O xingamento é uma forma de assédio moral que pode causar sérios danos emocionais.
Name-calling is widely recognized as a form of disrespect in both American and Brazilian cultures. In Brazil, xingamentos are often used colloquially in casual conversations but are considered inappropriate in formal settings and educational contexts. In the USA, name-calling is heavily stigmatized in schools and professional environments as a form of bullying and harassment. The practice reflects broader concerns about civility and respectful discourse in both societies.
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