1. A method or system that is entirely restricted, with no external access, modifications, or transparency; a proprietary or entirely self-contained approach
The company uses a completely closed method for its manufacturing process, preventing any outside inspection.
A empresa utiliza um método completamente fechado para seu processo de fabricação, impedindo qualquer inspeção externa.
2. In academia or research, a methodology that does not allow for peer review, external verification, or public scrutiny
Critics argue that the study followed a completely closed method, making it impossible to replicate or verify results.
Críticos argumentam que o estudo seguiu um método completamente fechado, tornando impossível replicar ou verificar os resultados.