1. Philosophers or scientists who believe in vitalism, the doctrine that life processes are not explicable by the laws of physics and chemistry alone and that life is in some part self-determining
The vitalists argued that living organisms possessed a special life force beyond material substances.
Os vitalistas argumentavam que os organismos vivos possuíam uma força vital especial além das substâncias materiais.
2. Practitioners or advocates of vitalism as a philosophical or scientific approach
Medieval vitalists rejected purely mechanistic explanations of biological phenomena.
Os vitalistas medievais rejeitavam explicações puramente mecanicistas dos fenômenos biológicos.