slack variable

[/slæk ˈvɛriəbəl/]
nounpl: slack variables
variável de folga
1. In linear programming and optimization, a non-negative variable added to a linear inequality constraint to convert it into an equality equation
The slack variable was introduced to transform the inequality constraint into an equality for the simplex method.
A variável de folga foi introduzida para transformar a restrição de desigualdade em uma igualdade para o método simplex.
2. A variable representing the unused capacity or surplus in a constraint
If a factory can produce 100 units but only produces 80, the slack variable equals 20 units.
Se uma fábrica pode produzir 100 unidades mas produz apenas 80, a variável de folga é igual a 20 unidades.
This is specialized terminology used primarily in academic and professional contexts within operations research, mathematics, and industrial engineering. The term is consistent across both Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese. It is fundamental to understanding linear programming solutions, particularly in the simplex algorithm, which is taught in business schools, engineering programs, and management courses throughout Portugal and Brazil.
Synonyms / Sinônimos
slacksurplus variableslack factor
Antonyms / Antônimos
surplus variable (in context of deficiency)artificial variable

Regional Variations

General Brazilian
variável de folga
Standard term used in operations research and mathematics courses
General Brazilian
variável de excesso
Alternative term occasionally used, though less common
Portugal
variável de folga
Same as Brazilian Portuguese; standard in Portuguese academic contexts
Portugal
variável de sobra
Less formal alternative occasionally encountered

Related Words

linear programmingconstraintsimplex methodoptimizationnon-negativity constraintdual variable
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