protein synthesis

[/ˈproʊ.tin ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/]
noun
síntese proteica
1. The process by which cells build proteins based on instructions from DNA, involving transcription and translation
Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosome and requires mRNA, tRNA, and various enzymes.
A síntese proteica ocorre no ribossomo e requer mRNA, tRNA e várias enzimas.
2. The biological mechanism through which genetic information is converted into functional protein molecules
Understanding protein synthesis is fundamental to molecular biology and genetic engineering.
Compreender a síntese proteica é fundamental para a biologia molecular e engenharia genética.
3. The sequential assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains guided by ribosomal machinery
Disruption of protein synthesis can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease.
A interrupção da síntese proteica pode levar à disfunção celular e doença.
This is a specialized scientific term used universally in academic and research settings in both Brazil and the USA. In Brazilian universities and research institutions, 'síntese proteica' is the standard terminology in biology, biotechnology, and medical courses. The term reflects the international nature of molecular biology as a discipline.
Synonyms / Sinônimos
translation (in genetic context)protein biosynthesispolypeptide synthesis
Antonyms / Antônimos
protein degradationproteolysis

Regional Variations

General Brazilian
síntese proteica
Standard term used in academic and scientific contexts across Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
síntese proteica
Same as general Brazilian Portuguese; no regional variation
São Paulo
síntese proteica
Same as general Brazilian Portuguese; used in research institutions and universities
Portugal
síntese de proteínas
Alternative phrasing sometimes used in European Portuguese scientific literature

Related Words

ribosomemRNAtRNAtranscriptiontranslationamino acidcodonanticodon

Related Idioms & Phrases

protein synthesis pathway
inhibition of protein synthesis
rate of protein synthesis
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