perturbation theory

[/ˌpɜːrtɜːrˈbeɪʃən ˈθɪəri/]
nounpl: perturbation theories
teoria das perturbações
1. A mathematical and physical method for finding an approximate solution to a problem by starting with the exact solution of a related, simpler problem and adding corrections to account for the difference
Perturbation theory is widely used in quantum mechanics to solve complex systems that cannot be solved exactly.
A teoria das perturbações é amplamente utilizada em mecânica quântica para resolver sistemas complexos que não podem ser resolvidos exatamente.
2. In physics and mathematics, a systematic approach to approximate solutions when a system can be decomposed into a solvable part and a small disturbance
Using perturbation theory, physicists calculated the energy levels of the hydrogen atom in an external magnetic field.
Usando a teoria das perturbações, os físicos calcularam os níveis de energia do átomo de hidrogênio em um campo magnético externo.
Perturbation theory is a fundamental concept in theoretical physics and mathematics, taught in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. It is essential in quantum mechanics, celestial mechanics, and quantum field theory. The term is used identically in both Brazilian and American scientific communities, making it a truly international academic vocabulary item.
Synonyms / Sinônimos
approximation theorysmall parameter methodsuccessive approximation method
Antonyms / Antônimos
exact solutionanalytical solution

Regional Variations

General Brazilian Portuguese
teoria das perturbações
Standard academic and scientific usage
Portugal
teoria da perturbação
Both singular and plural forms are used, with preference for singular in some contexts
USA (English)
perturbation theory
Standard terminology in physics and mathematics departments

Related Words

perturbationfirst-order perturbationsecond-order perturbationquantum mechanicsvariational principleRayleigh-Schrödinger equationFeynman diagrams

Related Idioms & Phrases

apply perturbation theory to a problem
use perturbation methods
perturbation expansion
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