pathological
[/ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/]
adjective
patológico
1. relating to or caused by disease or the study of disease
The patient underwent pathological examination to determine the nature of the tumor.
O paciente se submeteu a exame patológico para determinar a natureza do tumor.
2. relating to the practice of pathology; involving the study of diseases
The pathological findings revealed significant tissue damage.
Os achados patológicos revelaram dano significativo nos tecidos.
3. compulsive or obsessive; caused by mental illness rather than rational thought
He has a pathological fear of flying that interferes with his daily life.
Ele tem um medo patológico de viajar de avião que interfere em sua vida diária.
4. habitually or compulsively; unable to be controlled
She is a pathological liar who cannot tell the truth.
Ela é uma mentirosa patológica que não consegue dizer a verdade.
In both Brazilian and American English, 'pathological' is frequently used in medical, psychological, and colloquial contexts to describe compulsive or obsessive behaviors. In Brazil, it's commonly used in healthcare settings and increasingly in casual speech to emphasize excessive or uncontrollable behaviors (e.g., 'mentiroso patológico' for a habitual liar). The term carries clinical weight in both cultures but has become somewhat popularized in everyday language to describe extreme behavioral patterns.
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