least squares
[/liːst skwɛrz/]
noun
mínimos quadrados
1. A mathematical method for finding the best-fitting curve or line through a set of data points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (differences between observed and predicted values)
The researcher used the least squares method to fit a linear regression model to the experimental data.
O pesquisador usou o método de mínimos quadrados para ajustar um modelo de regressão linear aos dados experimentais.
2. In statistics and numerical analysis, a technique to solve overdetermined systems of equations by finding the solution that minimizes the sum of squared errors
Least squares estimation provides unbiased estimators under certain conditions.
A estimação por mínimos quadrados fornece estimadores não enviesados sob certas condições.
Least squares is a fundamental statistical method taught universally in mathematics, engineering, and data science programs in both Brazil and the USA. The terminology 'mínimos quadrados' is standard across Portuguese-speaking academic institutions and is essential vocabulary for anyone studying quantitative fields. The method was formalized by Carl Friedrich Gauss and remains the cornerstone of classical statistical analysis and machine learning in modern applications.
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