1. A political system or practice in which political leaders, parties, or officials gain support by distributing patronage, favors, or resources to dependent clients in exchange for political loyalty or votes
The mayor's use of clientelism to distribute jobs to supporters undermined fair hiring practices.
O uso do clientelismo pelo prefeito para distribuir empregos aos apoiadores prejudicou as práticas de contratação justas.
2. A relationship of dependence and patronage where individuals or groups provide political support in exchange for benefits, resources, or protection from a patron
Clientelism has plagued many developing democracies, creating cycles of dependency rather than promoting merit-based governance.
O clientelismo tem afligido muitas democracias em desenvolvimento, criando ciclos de dependência em vez de promover governança baseada no mérito.