anáfora
1. A word or phrase that refers back to a previously mentioned word or phrase (the antecedent), used to avoid repetition
In 'John arrived late because he missed his bus,' the pronoun 'he' is an anaphor referring to 'John'
Em 'João chegou atrasado porque ele perdeu o ônibus', o pronome 'ele' é uma anáfora que se refere a 'João'
2. In linguistics and grammar, an expression whose meaning depends on another expression in the same discourse
The anaphor 'it' in 'Mary bought a book and read it immediately' refers to the noun phrase 'a book'
A anáfora 'isso' em 'Maria comprou um livro e leu imediatamente' refere-se ao sintagma nominal 'um livro'
This is a technical term primarily used in linguistic, grammatical, and literary analysis contexts. It is more common in academic settings, educational materials, and professional linguistic discourse in both Brazil and Portugal. The term has no significant cultural variation between regions and is used identically in English and Portuguese academic communities.
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